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Sensorimotor

Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation (RAS) ®

Alashram, A.R., Annino, G., & Mercuri, N. B. (2019). Rhythmic auditory stimulation in gait rehabilitation for traumatic brain and spinal cord injury. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience, 69, 287-288. doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2019.08.080 

Arias, P., Cudeiro, J. (2008). Effects of rhythmic sensory stimulation (auditory, visual) on gait in Parkinson’s disease patients. Exp Brain Res. 186 (4), 589-601. doi: 10.1007/s00221-007-1263-y 

Baker, K., Rochester, L., & Nieuwboer, A. (2008). The effect of cues on gait variability—Reducing the attentional cost of walking in people with Parkinson’s disease. Parkinsonism & related disorders14(4), 314-320. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2007.09.008

Baram Y, Lenger R. (2012). Gait improvement in patients with cerebral palsy by visual and auditory feedback. Neuromodulation. 15(1),48-52.  doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1403.2011.00412.x

Baram, Y. & Miller, A. (2007). Auditory feedback control for improvement of gait in patients with multiple sclerosis. Neurological Sciences, 254, 90-94.  doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2007.01.003

Benoit, C. E., Dalla Bella, S., Farrugia, N., Obrig, H., Mainka, S., & Kotz, S. A. (2014). Musically cued gait-training improves both perceptual and motor timing in Parkinson’s disease. Frontiers in human neuroscience8, 494. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00494

Bharathi, G., Jayaramayya, K., Balasubramanian, V., & Vellingiri, B. (2019). The potential role of rhythmic entrainment and music therapy intervention for individuals with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of exercise rehabilitation15(2), 180–186.  doi:10.12965/jer.1836578.289

Blecher, T., Tal, I., & Ben-Shachar, M. (2016). White matter microstructural properties correlate with sensorimotor synchronization abilities. NeuroImage 138, 1–12. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.05.022

Braun Janzen, T., Haase, M., & Thaut, M. H. (2019). Rhythmic priming across effector systems: A randomized controlled trial with parkinson’s disease patients. Human Movement Science, 64, 355–365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2019.03.001 

Bryant M.S., Rintala D.H., Lai E.C., Protas E.J. (2009). An evaluation of self-administration of auditory cueing to improve gait in people with Parkinson’s disease. Clinical Rehabilitation. 23(12), 1078-1085. doi: 10.1177/0269215509337465

Buard, I., Dewispelaere, W. B., Teale, P., Rojas, D. C., Kronberg, E., Thaut, M. H., Kluger, B. M. (2019). Auditory entrainment of motor responses in older adults with and without Parkinson’s disease: An MEG study. Neuroscience Letters, 708.  doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134331

Buard, I., Dewispelaere, W. B., Thaut, M., & Kluger, B. M. (2019). Preliminary neurophysiological evidence of altered cortical activity and connectivity with neurologic music therapy in parkinson’s disease. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2019.00105 

Bukowska, A. A., Krężałek, P., Mirek, E., Bujas, P., & Marchewka, A. (2015). Neurologic music therapy training for mobility and stability rehabilitation with Parkinson’s disease–A pilot study. Frontiers in  human neuroscience9. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00710

Cameron, D. J., Pickett, K. A., Earhart, G. M., & Grahn, J. A. (2016). The effect of dopaminergic medication on beat-based auditory timing in Parkinson’s disease. Frontiers in Neurology 7, 1–8.  doi: 10.3389/fneur.2016.00019

Carver, F. W., Fuchs, A., Jantzen, K. J., & Kelso, J. (2002). Spatiotemporal analysis of the neuromagnetic response to rhythmic auditory stimulation: Rate dependence and transient to steady-state transition. Clinical Neurophysiology,113(12), 1921-1931. doi: 10.1016/s1388-2457(02)00299-7

Cha, Y., Kim, Y., Hwang, S., & Chung, Y. (2014). Intensive gait training with rhythmic auditory stimulation in individuals with chronic hemiparetic stroke: A pilot randomized controlled study. Neurorehabilitation 35(4), 681–688.  doi: 10.3233/nre-141182

Clair AA, O’Konski M. (2006). The effect of rhythmic auditory stimulation (RAS) on gait characteristics of cadence, velocity, and stride length in persons with late stage dementia. J Music Ther. 43(2), 154-63.  doi: 10.1093/jmt/43.2.154

Conklyn, D., Stough, D., Novak, E., Paczak, S., Chemali, K., & Bethoux, F. (2010). A home-based walking program using rhythmic auditory stimulation improves gait performance in patients with multiple sclerosis: A pilot study. Neurorehabilitation And Neural Repair, 24(9), 835-842. doi: 10.1093/jmt/43.2.154

Cubo E., Leurgans S., Goetz C.G. (2004). Short-term and practice effects of metronome pacing in Parkinson’s disease patients with gait freezing while in the ‘on’ state: randomized single blind evaluation. Parkinsonism & Related Disorders. 10(8), 507-510.  doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2004.05.001

de Bruin N., Doan J.B., Turnbull G., Suchowersky O., Bonfield S., Hu B., Brown L.A. (2010). Walking with music is a safe and viable tool for gait training in Parkinson’s disease: the effect of a 13-week feasibility study on single and dual task walking. Parkinsons Disorders. 483530. doi: 10.4061/2010/483530

de Dreu M.J., van der Wilk A.S., Poppe E., Kwakkel G., van Wegen E.E. (2012). Rehabilitation, exercise therapy and music in patients with Parkinson’s disease: a meta-analysis of the effects of music-based movement therapy on walking ability, balance and quality of life. Parkinsonism & Related Disorders. 18, S114-119.  doi: 10.1016/s1353-8020(11)70036-0

de l’Etoile SK. (2008). The effect of rhythmic auditory stimulation on the gait parameters of patients with incomplete spinal cord injury: an exploratory pilot study. Int J Rehabil Res, 31(2),155-157.  doi: 10.1097/mrr.0b013e3282fc0f44

Del Olmo, Aria P., Furio, M., Pozo, M., & Cudeiro, J. (2006). Evaluation of the effect of training using auditory stimulation on rhythmic movement in Parkinsonian patients—a combined motor and [18F]-FDG PET study. Parkinsonism & Related Disorders, 12(3), 155-164.  doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2005.11.002

Dozza, M., Chiari, L., Hlavacka, F., Cappello, A., & Horak, F.B. (2006). Effects of linear versus sigmoid coding of visual or audio biofeedback for the control of upright stance. IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems & Rehabilitation Engineering, 14(4), 505-512. doi: 10.1109/tnsre.2006.886732

Elsner, B., Schöler, A., Kon, T., & Mehrholz, J. (2019). Walking with rhythmic auditory stimulation in chronic patients after stroke: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Physiother Res Int.  doi: 10.1002/pri.1800

Erra, C., Mileti, I., Germanotta, M., Petracca, M., Imbimbo, I., De Biase, A., … & Padua, L. (2019). Immediate effects of rhythmic auditory stimulation on gait kinematics in Parkinson’s disease ON/OFF medication. Clinical Neurophysiology, 130(10), 1789-1797.   doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.07.013

Fernández-del-Olmo, M., & Cudeiro Mazaira, F. J. (2003). A simple procedure using auditory stimuli to improve movement in Parkinson´ s disease: a pilot study.  https://www.researchgate.net/publication/8258830_A_simple_procedure_using_auditory_stimuli_to_improve_movement_in_Parkinson’s_disease_A_pilot_study 

Ford, M., Wagenaar, R., Newell, K. (2007). The effects of auditory rhythms and instruction on walking patterns in individuals post stroke. Gait and Posture, 26, 150-155.  doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2006.08.007

Ford, M. P., Malone, L. A., Nyikos, I., Yelisetty, R., & Bickel, C. S. (2010). Gait training with progressive external auditory cueing in persons with Parkinson’s disease. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation91(8), 1255-1261. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2010.04.012

Frazzitta, G, Maestri, R, Uccellini, D, Bertotti, G, Abelli, P. (2009). Rehabilitation treatment of gait in patients with Parkinson’s disease with freezing: a comparison between two physical therapy protocols using visual and auditory cues with or without treadmill training. Movement Disorders. 24(8), 1139-43.  doi: 10.1002/mds.22491

Freedland, R.L., Festa, C., Sealy, M., McBean, A., Elghazaly, P., Capan, A., Brozycki, L., Nelson, A.J., & Rothman, J. (2002). The effects of pulsed auditory stimulation on various gait measurements in persons with Parkinson’s disease. Neurorehabilitation, 17 (1), 81-87.  doi: 10.3233/nre-2002-17110

Freeman, J.S., Cody, F.W., & Schady, W. (1993). The influence of external timing cues upon the rhythm of voluntary movements in Parkinson’s disease. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 56, 1078-1084.  doi: 10.1136/jnnp.56.10.1078

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Ghai, S., Ghai, I., & Effenberg, A. O. (2017). Effect of rhythmic auditory cueing on gait in cerebral palsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment 14, 43–59.  doi: 10.2147/ndt.s148053

Ghai, S., Ghai, I., & Effenberg, A. O. (2018). Effect of rhythmic auditory cueing on aging gait: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Aging and Disease 9(5), 901–923.  doi: 10.14336/ad.2017.1031

Ghai, S., Ghai, I., Schmitz, G., & Effenberg, A. O. (2018). Effect of rhythmic auditory cueing on Parkinsonian gait: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Scientific Reports 8, 506. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-16232-5

Goldshtrom Y, Knorr G, Goldshtrom I. (2010). Rhythmic exercises in rehabilitation of TBI patients: a case report. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 14(4), 336-45.  doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2009.06.002

Hausdorff, J. M., Lowenthal, J., Herman, T., Gruendlinger, L., Peretz, C., & Giladi, N. (2007). Rhythmic auditory stimulation modulates gait variability in Parkinson’s disease. European Journal of Neuroscience26(8), 2369-2375. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05810.x

Hesse, S. & Werner, C., & Bardeleben, A. (2004). Electromechanical gait training with functional electrical stimulation: Case studies in spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord, 42, 346-52.  doi: 10.1038/sj.sc.3101595

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Hove, M. et al. (2012). Interactive rhythmic auditory stimulation reinstates natural 1/f timing in gait of Parkinson’s patients. PLoS ONE, 7(3).  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032600

Howe, T. E., Lövgreen, B., Cody, F. W., Ashton, V. J., & Oldham, J. A. (2003). Auditory cues can modify the gait of persons with early-stage Parkinson’s disease: a method for enhancing parkinsonian walking performance? Clinical Rehabilitation17(4), 363-367. doi: 10.1191/0269215503cr621oa

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Hurt, C.P., Rice, R.R., McIntosh, G.C., & Thaut, M.H. (1998). Rhythmic auditory stimulation in gait training for patients with traumatic brain injury. Journal of Music Therapy, 35, 228-241.  doi: 10.1093/jmt/35.4.228

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Jeong, S., Kim, M.T. (2007). Effects of a theory-driven music and movement program for stroke survivors in a community setting. Applied Nursing Research, 20(3), 125-31.  doi: 10.1016/j.apnr.2007.04.005

Kadivar, Z., Corcos, D. M., Foto, J., & Hondzinski, J. M. (2011). Effect of step training and rhythmic auditory stimulation on functional performance in Parkinson patients. Neurorehabilitation and neural repair25(7), 626-635. doi: 10.1177/1545968311401627

Kaipust, J. P., McGrath, D., Mukherjee, M., & Stergiou, N. (2013). Gait variability is altered in older adults when listening to auditory stimuli with differing temporal structures. Annals of biomedical engineering41(8), 1595-1603.doi: 10.1007/s10439-012-0654-9

Kelly, G., & Pool, J. (2019). Rhythmic auditory stimulation in gait rehabilitation for children and youth following acquired brain injury. International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation, 26(6), 12-12. doi: 10.12968/ijtr.2019.26.6.12

Kim J.S., Oh D.W., Kim S.Y., Choi J.D. (2011). Visual and kinesthetic locomotor imagery training integrated with auditory step rhythm for walking performance of patients with chronic stroke. Clin Rehabil. 25(2),134-45.  doi: 10.1177/0269215510380822

Kim, S. J., Kwak, E. E., Park, E. S., & Cho, S. R. (2012). Differential effects of rhythmic auditory stimulation and neurodevelopmental treatment/Bobath on gait patterns in adults with cerebral palsy: a randomized controlled trial. Clinical rehabilitation26(10), 904-914. doi: 10.1177/0269215511434648

Kim, S. J., Kwak, E. E., Park, E. S., Lee, D. S., Kim, K. J., Song, J. E., & Cho, S. R. (2011). Changes in gait patterns with rhythmic auditory stimulation in adults with cerebral palsy. NeuroRehabilitation29(3), 233-241. doi: 10.3233/nre-2011-0698

Kim, J. S., & Oh, D. W. (2012). Home-based auditory stimulation training for gait rehabilitation of chronic stroke patients. Journal of Physical Therapy Science24(8), 775-777. doi: 10.1589/jpts.24.775

Koshimori, Y., & Thaut, M. H. (2018). Future perspectives on neural mechanisms underlying rhythm and music based neurorehabilitation in parkinson’s disease. Ageing Research Reviews, 47, 133–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2018.07.001 

Koshimori, Y., Strafella, A., Valli, M., Sharma, V., Cho, S. S., Houle, S., & Thaut, M. H. (2018). Motor synchronization to rhythmic auditory stimulation (RAS) attenuates dopamine response in the ventral striatum in young healthy adults. Proceedings of the Society for Neuroscience 670, 15. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00106

Kwak, E.E. (2007). Effect of rhythmic auditory stimulation on gait performance in children with spastic cerebral palsy. Journal of Music Therapy, 44, 198-216.  doi: 10.1093/jmt/44.3.198

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Lei, J., Conradi, N., Abel, C., Frisch, S., Brodski-Guerniero, A., Hildner, M., … & Schmidt-Kassow, M. (2019). Cognitive effects of rhythmic auditory stimulation in Parkinson’s disease: A P300 study. Brain Research, 1716, 70-79.   doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.05.016

de L’Etoile, S.K. (2008). The effect of rhythmic auditory stimulation on the gait parameters of patients with incomplete spinal cord injury: An exploratory pilot study. International Journal of Rehabilitation Research, 31, 155-157.  doi: 10.1097/mrr.0b013e3282fc0f44

Lim, I., van Wegen, E., de Goede, C., Deutekom, M., Nieuwboer, A., Willems, A., … & Kwakkel, G. (2005). Effects of external rhythmical cueing on gait in patients with Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review. Clinical rehabilitation19(7), 695-713. doi: 10.1191/0269215505cr906oa

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Malcolm, M. P., Massie, C., & Thaut, M. (2009). Rhythmic auditory-motor entrainment improves hemiparetic arm kinematics during reaching movements: a pilot study. Topics in stroke rehabilitation16(1), 69-79. doi: 10.1310/tsr1601-69

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Sheridan, C., Thaut, C., Brooks, D., & Patterson, K. K. (2021). Feasibility of a Rhythmic auditory STIMULATION gait training program in community-dwelling adults after Tbi: A case report. NeuroRehabilitation, 48(2), 221–230. https://doi.org/10.3233/nre-208016 

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Thaut, M.H. & McIntosh, G.C. (2006). Rhythmic auditory training in sensorimotor rehabilitation of people with Parkinson’s Disease. Neurorehabilitation & Neural Repair, 20, 81. 

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Van Wegen, E., de Goede, C., Lim, I., Rietberg, M., Nieuwboer, A., Willems, A., Jones, D., Rochester, L., Hetherington, V., Berendse, H., Zijlmans, J., Wolters, E., & Kwakkel, G. (2006). The effect of rhythmic somatosensory cueing on gait in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 248 (1-2), 210-214.  doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2006.05.034

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Pattern Sensory Enhancement (PSE) ®

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Whitall, J., McCombe, Waller, S., Silver, K.H., & Macko, R.F. (2000). Repetitive bilateral arm training with rhythmic auditory cueing improves motor function in chronic hemiparetic stroke. Stroke, 31 (10), 2390-2395.  doi: 10.1161/01.str.31.10.2390

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Therapeutic Instrumental Music Performance (TIMP) ®

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Haire, C. M., Vuong, V., Tremblay, L., Patterson, K. K., Chen, J. L., & Thaut, M. H. (2021). Effects of therapeutic instrumental music performance and motor imagery on chronic post-stroke cognition and affect: A randomized controlled trial. NeuroRehabilitation, 48(2), 195–208. https://doi.org/10.3233/nre-208014 

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Lim HA, Miller K, Fabian C. (2011). The effects of therapeutic instrumental music performance on endurance level, self-perceived fatigue level, and self-perceived exertion of inpatients in physical rehabilitation. J Music Ther. 48(2),124-148.  doi: 10.1093/jmt/48.2.124

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Thaut, C., & Stephan, K. M. (2019). Neurologic Music Therapy in Sensorimotor Rehabilitation. In M. H. Thaut & D. A. Hodges (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Music and the Brain (pp. 695-714). Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. doi: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198804123.013.27

Turova, V., Alves-Pinto, A., Ehrlich, S., Blumenstein, T., Cheng, G., & Lampe, R. (2017). Effects of short-term piano training on measures of finger tapping, somatosensory perception and motor-related brain activity in patients with cerebral palsy. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 13, 2705–2718. doi; 10.2147/ndt.s145104

Yoo, J. (2009). The role of therapeutic instrumental music performance in hemiparetic arm rehabilitation. Music Therapy Perspectives27(1), 16-24. doi: 10.1093/mtp/27.1.16

Speech and Language

Melodic Intonation Therapy (MIT)

Albert, M., Sparks, R., & Helm, N. (1973). Melodic intonation therapy for aphasics. Archives of Neurology, 29, 130-131.  doi: 10.1001/archneur.1973.00490260074018

Al-Janabi, S., Nickels, L. A., Sowman, P. F., Burianová, H., Merrett, D., & Thompson, B. (2014). Augmenting melodic intonation therapy with non-invasive brain stimulation to treat impaired left-hemisphere function: two case studies. Frontiers in psychology5, 37. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00037

Belin, P., Van Eeckhout, P., Zilbovicius, M., Remy, P., Francois, C., Guillaume, S., Chain, F., Rancurel, G., & Sampson, Y. (1996). Recovery from nonfluent aphasia after melodic intonation therapy. Neurology, 47, 1504-1511.  doi: 10.1212/wnl.47.6.1504

Berlin, C.I. (1976). On: Melodic intonation therapy for aphasia by R.W. Sparks and A.L. Holland. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 41, 298-300.  doi: 10.1044/jshd.4103.298

Bonakdarpour, B., Eftekharzadeh, A., & Ashayeri, H. (2003). Melodic Intonation Therapy with Persian aphasic patients. Aphasiology, 17, 75-95.  doi: 10.1080/729254891

Boucher, V., Garcia, L. J., Fleurant, J., & Paradis, J. (2001). Variable efficacy of rhythm and tone in melody- based interventions: implications for the assumption of a right-hemisphere facilitation in non-fluent aphasia. Aphasiology15(2), 131-149. doi: 10.1080/02687040042000098

Breier, J. I., Randle, S., Maher, L. M., & Papanicolaou, A. C. (2010). Changes in maps of language activity activation following melodic intonation therapy using magnetoencephalography: Two case studies. Journal of Clinical And Experimental Neuropsychology, 32(3), 309-314  doi: 10.1080/13803390903029293

Brown, S., Martinez, M. J., & Parsons, L. M. (2006). Music and language side by side in the brain: a PET study of the generation of melodies and sentences. European journal of neuroscience23(10), 2791-2803. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.04785.x

Cadalbert, A., Landis, T., Regard, M., & Graves, R. E. (1994). Singing with and without words: Hemispheric asymmetries in motor control. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology16(5), 664-670. doi: 10.1080/01688639408402679

Conklyn, D., Novak, E., Boissy, A., Bethoux, F., & Chemali, K. (2012). The effects of modified melodic intonation therapy on nonfluent aphasia: A pilot study. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research55(5), 1463-1471.  doi: 10.1044/1092-4388(2012/11-0105)

Cortese, M. D., Riganello, F., Arcuri, F., Pignataro, L. M., & Buglione, I. (2015). Rehabilitation of aphasia: application of melodic-rhythmic therapy to Italian language. Frontiers in human neuroscience9. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00520

Goldfarb, R. & Bader, E. (1979). Espousing melodic intonation therapy in aphasia rehabilitation: A case study. International Journal of Rehabilitation Research, 2, 333-342. doi: 10.1097/00004356-197909000-00002

Haro-Martínez, A. M., García-Concejero, V. E., López-Ramos, A., Maté-Arribas, E., López- Táppero, J., Lubrini, G., … & Fuentes, B. (2017). Adaptation of melodic intonation therapy to Spanish: A feasibility pilot study, Aphasiology 31(11), 1333–1343. doi: 10.1080/02687038.2017.1279731

Hébert, S., Racette, A., Gagnon, L., & Peretz, I. (2003). Revisiting the dissociation between singing and speaking in expressive aphasia. Brain126(8), 1838-1850. doi: 10.1093/brain/awg186

Helfrich-Miller, K.R. (1984). Melodic intonation therapy with developmentally apraxic children. Seminars in Speech and Language, 5, 119-126.  doi: 10.1055/s-0028-1082518

Hough, M. (2010). Melodic intonation therapy and aphasia: Another variation on a theme. Aphasiology, 24(6-8), 775-786.  doi: 10.1080/02687030903501941

Keith, R. & Aronson, A. (1975). Singing as therapy for apraxia of speech and aphasia: Report of a case. Brain and Language, 2, 483-488.  doi: 10.1016/s0093-934x(75)80085-x

Krauss, T. & Galloway, H. (1982). Melodic Intonation Therapy with language delayed apraxic children. Journal of Music Therapy, 19 (2), 102-113. doi: 10.1093/jmt/19.2.102

Lee, Y. S., Thaut, C., & Santoni, C. (2019). Neurologic Music Therapy for Speech and Language Rehabilitation. In M. H. Thaut & D. A. Hodges (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Music and the Brain (pp. 715-737). Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. doi: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198804123.013.28

Lim, K. B., Kim, Y. K., Lee, H. J., Yoo, J., Hwang, J. Y., Kim, J. A., & Kim, S. K. (2013). The therapeutic effect of neurologic music therapy and speech language therapy in post-stroke aphasic patients. Annals of rehabilitation medicine37(4), 556-562. doi: 10.5535/arm.2013.37.4.556

Morrow-Odom, K. L., & Swann, A. B. (2013). Effectiveness of melodic intonation therapy in a case of aphasia following right hemisphere stroke. Aphasiology27(11), 1322-1338. doi: 10.1080/02687038.2013.817522

Naeser, M.A. & Helm-Estabrooks, N. (1985). CT scan lesion localization and response to Melodic Intonation Therapy with nonfluent aphasia cases. Cortex, 21, 203-223.  doi: 10.1016/s0010-9452(85)80027-7

Natke, U., Donath, T. M., & Kalveram, K. T. (2003). Control of voice fundamental frequency in speaking versus singing. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America113(3), 1587-1593. doi: 10.1121/1.1543928

Norton, A., Zipse, L., Marchina, S. & Schlaug, G. (2009). Melodic Intonation therapy: Shared insights on how it is done and why it might help. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1169, 431-436.  doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04859.x

Overy, K., Norton, A.C., Ozdemir, E., Helm-Estabrooks, N., & Schlaug, G. (2004). Activation of the left anterior inferior frontal gyrus after melodic intonation therapy in a Broca’s aphasia patient. Proceedings Society for Neuroscience, 595.7. [Abstract] 

Ozdemir, E., Norton, A., Schlaug, G. (2006). Shared and distinct neural correlates of singing and speakingNeuroimage, 33 (2), 628-35.  doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.07.013

Patel, A. D., & Daniele, J. R. (2003). An empirical comparison of rhythm in language and music. Cognition87(1), B35-B45. doi: 10.1016/s0010-0277(02)00187-7

Patel, AD. (2005). The relationship of music to the melody of speech and to synactic processing disorders in aphasia. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1060, 59-70.  doi: 10.1196/annals.1360.005

Popovici, M. (1995). Melodic intonation therapy in the verbal decoding of aphasics. Revue Roumaine de Neurologie et Psychiatrie, 33, 57-97.  link:https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Melodic-intonation-therapy-in-the-verbal-decoding-Popovici/a938db5297a973efcd3f2fb01be368196269867d 

Racette, A., Bard, C., Peretz, I. (2006). Making non-fluent aphasics speak: sing along! Brain, 129, 2571-2584.  doi: 10.1093/brain/awl250

Schlaug, G., Marchina, S., & Norton, A. (2008). From singing to speaking: Why singing may lead to recovery of expressive language function in patients with Broca’s Aphasia. Music perception, 25, 315-323.  doi: 10.1525/mp.2008.25.4.315

Schlaug, G., Marchina, S. & Norton, A. (2009). Evidence for plasticity in white-matter tracts of patients with chronic Broca’s aphasia undergoing intense intonation-based speech therapy. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1169, 385-394.  doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04587.x

Schlaug, G., Norton, A., Marchina, S., Zipse, L., & Wan, C. Y. (2010). From singing to speaking: facilitating recovery from nonfluent aphasia. Future neurology5(5), 657-665. doi: 10.2217/fnl.10.44

Seki, K., Sugishita, M. (1983). Japanese-Applied Melodic Intonation Therapy for Broca Aphasia. Brain and Nerve (No to Shinkei), 35(10): 1031-7.  link:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6651979 

Sparks, R.W., Helm, N., & Albert, M. (1974). Aphasia rehabilitation resulting from melodic intonation therapy. Cortex, 10, 313-316.  doi: 10.1016/s0010-9452(74)80024-9

Sparks, R.W. & Deck, J.W. (1994). Melodic Intonation Therapy. In R. Chapey (Ed.), Language Intervention Strategies in Adult Aphasias. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 368-386. 

Sparks, R.W. & Holland, A.L. (1976). Method: Melodic intonation therapy for aphasia. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 41, 298-300. 

Stahl B, Kotz SA, Henseler I, Turner R, Geyer S. (2011). Rhythm in disguise: why singing may not hold the key to recovery from aphasia. Brain. 134(10), 3083-3093. doi: 10.1093/brain/awr240

Stewart, L., Walsh, V., Frith, U., & Rothwell, J. (2001). Transcranial magnetic stimulation produces speech arrest but not song arrest. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 930, 433-435.  doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb05762.x

Thulborn, K. R., Carpenter, P. A., Just, M. A. (1999). Plasticity of language-related brain function during recovery from stroke. Stroke, 30 (4), 749-754.  doi: 10.1161/01.str.30.4.749

Van der Meulen, I., van de Sandt-Koenderman, W. M. E., Heijenbrok-Kal, M. H., Visch-Brink, E. G., & Ribbers, G.M. (2014). The efficacy and timing of Melodic Intonation Therapy in subacute aphasia. Neurorehabilitation and neural repair28(6), 536-544. doi: 10.1177/1545968313517753

Vines, B. W., Norton, A. C., & Schlaug, G. (2011). Non-invasive brain stimulation enhances the effects of melodic intonation therapy. The relationship between music and language, 124. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00230

Warren, J.D., Warren, J.E., Fox, N.C., & Warrington, E.K. (2003). Nothing to say, something to sing: Primary progressive dynamic aphasia. Neurocase, 9, 140-153.  doi: 10.1076/neur.9.2.140.15068

Wilson, S.J. (2006). Preserved Singing in Aphasia: A Case Study of the Efficacy of Melodic Intonation Therapy. Music Perception, 24(1), 23-36. doi: 10.1525/mp.2006.24.1.23

Yamadori, A., Osumi, Y., Masuhara, S., & Okubo, M. (1977). Preservation of singing in Broca’s aphasia. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 40 (3), 221-224.  doi: 10.1136/jnnp.40.3.221

Zipse L, Norton A, Marchina S, Schlaug G. (2012). When right is all that is left: plasticity of right-hemisphere tracts in a young aphasic patient. Ann N Y Acad Sci. (1252), 237-45. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06454.x

Musical Speech Stimulation (MUSTIM) ®

Basso, A., Capitani, E., & Vignolo, L. A. (1979). Influence of rehabilitation on language skills in aphasic patients: a controlled study. Archives of Neurology36(4), 190-196. doi: 10.1001/archneur.1979.00500400044005

Brown, S., Martinez, M. J., & Parsons, L. M. (2006). Music and language side by side in the brain: a PET study of the generation of melodies and sentences. European journal of neuroscience23(10), 2791-2803. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.04785.x

Cadalbert, A., Landis, T., Regard, M., & Graves, R. E. (1994). Singing with and without words: Hemispheric asymmetries in motor control. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology16(5), 664-670. doi: 10.1080/01688639408402679

Cortese, M. D., Riganello, F., Arcuri, F., Pignataro, L. M., & Buglione, I. (2015). Rehabilitation of aphasia: Application of melodic-rhythmic therapy to Italian language. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 9, 1–8. doi: 10.3389/fnhum. 2015.00520

Ding, N., Patel, A. D., Chen, L., Butler, H., Luo, C., & Poeppel, D. (2017). Temporal modulations in speech and music. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 81(B), 181–187. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.02.011

Lucia, C.M. (1987). Toward developing a model of music therapy intervention in the rehabilitation of head trauma patients. Music Therapy Perspectives, 62, 34-39.  doi: 10.1093/mtp/4.1.34

Natke, U., Donath, T. M., & Kalveram, K. T. (2003). Control of voice fundamental frequency in speaking versus singing. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America113(3), 1587-1593. doi: 10.1121/1.1543928

Ozdemir, E., Norton, A., Schlaug, G. (2006). Shared and distinct neural correlates of singing and speakingNeuroimage, 33 (2), 628-35.  doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.07.013

Patel, A. D., & Daniele, J. R. (2003). An empirical comparison of rhythm in language and music. Cognition87(1), B35-B45. doi: 10.1016/s0010-0277(02)00187-7

Stewart, L., Walsh, V., Frith, U., & Rothwell, J. (2001). Transcranial magnetic stimulation produces speech arrest but not song arrest. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 930, 433-435.  doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb05762.x

Straube, T., Schulz, A., Geipel, K., Mentzel, H. J., & Miltner, W. H. (2008). Dissociation between singing and speaking in expressive aphasia: The role of song familiarity. Neuropsychologia46(5), 1505-1512. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.01.008

Yamadori, A., Osumi, Y., Masuhara, S., & Okubo, M. (1977). Preservation of singing in Broca’s aphasia. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 40 (3), 221-224.  doi: 10.1136/jnnp.40.3.221

Yamaguchi S, Akanuma K, Hatayama Y, Otera M, Meguro K. (2012). Singing therapy can be effective for a patient with severe nonfluent aphasia. Int J Rehabil Res. 35(1),78-81.  doi: 10.1097/mrr.0b013e32835032f8

Rhythmic Speech Cueing (RSC) ®

Ballard, K. J., Wambaugh, J. L., Duffy, J. R., Layfield, C., Maas, E., Mauszycki, S., & Mc Neil, M. R. (2015). Treatment for acquired apraxia of speech: A systematic review of intervention research between 2004 and 2012. American Journal of Speech Language Pathology 24(2), 316–337.  doi: 10.1044/2015_ajslp-14-0118

Bang, C. (1980). A world of sound and music. Journal of the British Association for Teachers of the Deaf, 4, 1-10. 

Bellaire, K., Yorkston, K.M., & Beukelman, D.R. (1986). Modification of breath patterning to increase naturalness of a mildly dysarthric speaker. Journal of Communication Disorders, 19, 271-280.  doi: 10.1016/0021-9924(86)90033-x

Bidelman, G. M., & Alain, C. (2015). Musical training orchestrates coordinated neuroplasticity in auditory brainstem and cortex to counteract age-related declines in categorical vowel perception. Journal Neuroscience35(3), 1240-1249. doi: 10.1523/jneurosci.3292-14.2015

Brendal, B. & Ziegler, W. (2008). Effectiveness of metrical pacing in the treatment of apraxia of speech. Aphasiology, 22 (1), 1-26. doi: 10.1080/02687030600965464

Caligiuri, M.P. (1989). The influence of speaking rate on articulatory hypokinesia in Parkinsonian dysarthria. Brain and Language, 36, 1493-1502. doi: 10.1016/0093-934x(89)90080-1

Cason, N., Astésano, C., & Schön, D. (2015). Bridging music and speech rhythm: Rhythmic priming and audio-motor training affect speech perception. Acta Psychologica 155, 43–50. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2014.12.002

Cason, N., Hidalgo, C., Isoard, F., Roman, S., & Schön, D. (2015). Rhythmic priming enhances speech production abilities: Evidence from prelingually deaf children. Neuropsychology29(1), 102. doi: 10.1037/neu0000115

Chern, A., Tillmann, B., Vaughan, C., & Gordon, R. L. (2018). New evidence of a rhythmic priming effect that enhances grammaticality judgments in children. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 173, 371–379. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2018.04.007

Cohen, N.S. (1988). The use of superimposed rhythm to decrease the rate of speech in a brain-damaged adolescent. Journal of Music Therapy, 25, 85-93.  doi: 10.1093/jmt/25.2.85

Colcord, R.D. & Adams, M.R. (1979). Voicing duration and vocal SPL changes associated with stuttering reduction during singing. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 22 (3), 468-479.  doi: 10.1044/jshr.2203.468

Crystal, D. 1980. Introduction to Language Pathology. Baltimore, MD: University Park Press.

Darrow, A.A. & Starmer, G.J. (1986). The effect of vocal training on the intonation and rate of hearing-impaired children’s speech: A pilot study. Journal of Music Therapy, 23, 194-201.  doi: 10.1093/jmt/23.4.194

Dworkin, J. P., Abkarian, G. G., & Johns, D. F. (1988). Apraxia of speech: The effectiveness of a treatment regimen. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders53(3), 280-294. doi: 10.1044/jshd.5303.280

Gfeller, K., Witt, S. A., Kim, K. H., Adamek, M., & Coffman, D. (1999). Preliminary report of a computerized music training program for adult cochlear implant recipients. Journal Academy of Rehabilitative Audiology, 32, 11-28.

Glover, H., Kalinowski, J., Rastatter, M., & Stuart, A. (1996). Effect of instruction to sing on stuttering frequency at normal and fast rates. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 83, 511-522.  doi: 10.2466/pms.1996.83.2.511

Hammen, V.L. & Yorkston, K.M. (1996). Speech and pause characteristics following speech rate reduction in hypokinetic dysarthria. Journal of Communication Disorders, 29, 429-445.  doi: 10.1016/0021-9924(95)00037-2

Hammen, V.L., Yorkston, K.M., & Minifie, F.D. (1994). Effects of temporal alterations on speech intelligibility in Parkinsonian dysarthria. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 37, 244-253.  doi: 10.1044/jshr.3702.244

Healey, E.C., Mallard, A.R., & Adams, M.R. (1976). Factors contributing to the reduction of stuttering during singing. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 19, 475-480. doi: 10.1044/jshr.1903.475 

Hidalgo, C., Falk, S., & Schön, D. (2017). Speak on time! Effects of a musical rhythmic training on children with hearing loss. Hearing Research 351, 11–18. doi: 10.1016/j.heares.2017.05.006

Jungblut M, Huber W, Pustelniak M, Schnitker R. (2012). The impact of rhythm complexity on brain activation during simple singing: an event-related fMRI study. Restor Neurol Neurosci. 30(1),39-53.  doi: 10.3233/rnn-2011-0619

Kotz, S. A., & Gunter, T. C. (2015). Can rhythmic auditory cuing remediate languagerelated deficits in Parkinson’s disease? Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences1337(1), 62-68. doi: 10.1111/nyas.12657

Kotz, S. A., & Schwartze, M. (2016). Motor timing and sequencing in speech production: A general-purpose framework. In G. Hickok & S. L. Small (Eds.), Neurobiology of Language (pp. 717–724). New York: Academic Press. doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407794-2.00057-2

Max, L., Yudman, Elana A. (2003). Accuracy and Variability of Isochronous Rhythmic Timing Across Motor Systems In Stuttering versus Nonstuttering Individuals. Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, 46(1): 146-63, 2003.  doi: 10.1044/1092-4388(2003/012)

Perkins, W. H. (2001). Stuttering: a matter of bad timing. Science294(5543), 786-786. doi: 10.1126/science.294.5543.786a

Pilon, M.A., McIntosh, K.W., & Thaut, M.H. (1998). Auditory versus visual speech timing cues as external rate control to enhance verbal intelligibility in mixed spastic-ataxic dysarthric speakers: A pilot study. Brain Injury, 12 (9), 793-803.  doi: 10.1080/026990598122188

Shane, H.C. & Darley, F.L. (1978). The effect of auditory rhythmic stimulation on articulatory accuracy in apraxia of speech. Cortex, 14 (3), 444-450.  doi: 10.1016/s0010-9452(78)80071-9

Smith, A., & Denny, M. (1990). High-frequency oscillations as indicators of neural control mechanisms in human respiration, mastication, and speech. Journal of Neurophysiology63(4), 745-758. doi: 10.1152/jn.1990.63.4.745

Tamplin, J., Baker, F. A., Grocke, D., Brazzale, D. J., Pretto, J. J., Ruehland, W. R., … & Berlowitz, D. J. (2013). Effect of singing on respiratory function, voice, and mood after quadriplegia: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation94(3), 426-434. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2012.10.006

Thaut, M.H., McIntosh, K.H., McIntosh, G.C., & Hoemberg, V. (2001). Auditory rhythmicity enhances movement and speech motor control in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Functional Neurology, 16, 163-172.  link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11495422 

Ulbrich, C. (2006). Pitch range is not pitch range. Proc. Speech Prosody 2006. 

Wambaugh, J.L. & Martinez, A.L. (2000). Effects of rate and rhythm control treatment on consonant production accuracy in apraxia of speech. Aphasiology, 14(8), 851-871.  doi: 10.1080/026870300412232

Yorkston, K.M. & Beukelman, D.R. (1981). Ataxic dysarthria: Treatment consequences based on intelligibility and prosodic considerations. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 46, 398-404.   link: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/15899368_Ataxic_dysarthria_Treatment_sequences_based_on_intelligibility_and_prosodic_considerations 

Yorkston, K.M., Hammen, V.L., Beukelman, D.R., & Traynor, C.D. (1990). The effect of rate control on the intelligibility and naturalness of dysarthric speech. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 55, 550-560.  doi: 10.1044/jshd.5503.550

Vocal Intonation Therapy (VIT) ®

Baker, F., Wigram, T., Gold, C. (2005). The effects of song-singing programme on the affective speaking intonation of people with traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury, 19(7), 519-28.  doi: 10.1080/02699050400005150

Bellaire, K., Yorkston, K.M., & Beukelman, D.R. (1986). Modification of breath patterning to increase naturalness of a mildly dysarthric speaker. Journal of Communication Disorders, 19, 271-280. doi: 10.1016/0021-9924(86)90033-x

Busto-Crespo, O., Uzcanga-Lacabe, M., Abad-Marco, A., Berasategui, I., García, L., Maraví, E., … Fernández-González, S. (2016). Longitudinal voice outcomes after voice therapy in unilateral vocal fold paralysis. Journal of Voice 30(6). doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2015.10.018

Darrow, A.A. & Cohen, N.S. (1991). The effect of programmed pitch practice and private instruction on the vocal reproduction accuracy of hearing-impaired children: Two case studies. Music Therapy Perspectives, 9, 61-65.  doi: 10.1093/mtp/9.1.61

Di Benedetto, P., Cavazzon, M., Mondolo, F., Rugiu, G., Peratoner, A., & Biasutti, E. (2009). Voice and choral singing treatment: a new approach for speech and voice disorders in Parkinson’s disease. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med45(1), 13-19. link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18987565 

Gunji, A., Ishii, R., Chau, W., Kakigi, R., & Pantev, C. (2007). Rhythmic brain activities related to singing in humans. Neuroimage34(1), 426-434. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.07.018

Haneishi, E. (2001). Effects of a music therapy voice protocol on speech intelligibility, vocal acoustic measures, and mood of individuals with Parkinson’s disease. Journal of Music Therapy, 38 (4), 273-290.  doi: 10.1093/jmt/38.4.273

Johansson, K. et al. (2011). Effects of glossopharyngeal breathing on voice in cervical spinal cord injuries. International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation, 18(9), 501-512.  doi: 10.12968/ijtr.2011.18.9.501

Lortie, C. L., Rivard, J., Thibeault, M., & Tremblay, P. (2017). The moderating effect of frequent singing on voice aging. Journal of Voice 31(1). doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2016.02.015

Natke, U., Donath, T. M., & Kalveram, K. T. (2003). Control of voice fundamental frequency in speaking versus singing. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America113(3), 1587-1593. doi: 10.1121/1.1543928

Pillot, C. & Vaissiere, J. (2006). [Vocal effectiveness in speech and singing: acoustical, physiological and perceptive aspects. Applications in speech therapy.] Revue de Laryngologie Otologie Rhinologie, 127, 293-298.  link: https://europepmc.org/article/med/17425003 

Ramig, L. O., Bonitati, C. M., Lemke, J. H., & Horii, Y. (1994). Voice treatment for patients with Parkinson’s disease: Development of an approach and preliminary efficacy data. Journal of Medical Speech-Language Pathology2(3), 191-209.

Russo, N. M., Nicol, T. G., Zecker, S. G., Hayes, E. A., & Kraus, N. (2005). Auditory training improves neural timing in the human brainstem. Behavioural brain research156(1), 95-103. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2004.05.012

Santoni, C., de Boer, G., Thaut, M., & Bressmann, T. (2018). Influence of altered auditory feedback on oral-nasal balance in song. Journal of Voice. Manuscript in print. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2018.06.014

Santoni, C., Thaut, M., & Bressmann, T. (2020). Immediate effects of voice focus adjustments on hypernasal speakers’ nasalance scores. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 135, 110107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.110107 

Tamplin, J., Baker, F. A., Grocke, D., Brazzale, D. J., Pretto, J. J., Ruehland, W. R., … & Berlowitz, D. J. (2013). Effect of singing on respiratory function, voice, and mood after quadriplegia: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation94(3), 426-434.  doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2012.10.006

Tamplin, J. (2008). A pilot study into the effect of vocal exercises and singing on dysarthric speech. Neurorehabilitation, 23 (3), 207-216. doi: 10.3233/nre-2008-23302

Tanner, M. A., Rammage, L., & Liu, L. (2016). Does singing and vocal strengthening improve vocal ability in people with Parkinson’s disease? Arts & Health 8(3), 199–212. doi: 10.1080/17533015.2015.1088047

Tautscher-Basnett, A., Tomantschger, V., Keglevic, S., & Freimuller, M. (2006). Group therapy for individuals with Parkinson disease (PD) focusing on voice strengthening. Proceedings of the 4th World Congress for Neurorehabilitation, P1-054. 

Therapeutic Singing (TS)

Akanuma, K., Meguro, K., Satoh, M., Tashiro, M., & Itoh, M. (2016). Singing can improve speech function in aphasics associated with intact right basal ganglia and preserve right temporal glucose metabolism: Implications for singing therapy indication. International Journal of Neuroscience 126(1), 39–45. doi: 10.3109/00207454.2014.992068

Bang, C. (1980). A world of sound and music. Journal of the British Association for Teachers of the Deaf, 4, 1-10. 

Brown, S., Martinez, M. J., & Parsons, L. M. (2006). Music and language side by side in the brain: a PET study of the generation of melodies and sentences. European journal of neuroscience23(10), 2791-2803. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.04785.x

Darrow, A.A. & Starmer, G.J. (1986). The effect of vocal training on the intonation and rate of hearing-impaired children’s speech: A pilot study. Journal of Music Therapy, 23, 194-201.  doi: 10.1093/jmt/23.4.194

Di Benedetto, P., Cavazzon, M., Mondolo, F., Rugiu, G., Peratoner, A., & Biasutti, E. (2009). Voice and choral singing treatment: a new approach for speech and voice disorders in Parkinson’s disease. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med45(1), 13-19.  link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18987565 

Gfeller, K., Witt, S. A., Kim, K. H., Adamek, M., & Coffman, D. (1999). Preliminary report of a computerized music training program for adult cochlear implant recipients. Journal Academy of Rehabilitative Audiology, 32, 11-28. doi: 10.1179/1467010015Z.000000000269

Glover, H., Kalinowski, J., Rastatter, M., & Stuart, A. (1996). Effect of instruction to sing on stuttering frequency at normal and fast rates. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 83, 511-522.  doi: 10.2466/pms.1996.83.2.511

Gunji, A., Ishii, R., Chau, W., Kakigi, R., & Pantev, C. (2007). Rhythmic brain activities related to singing in humans. Neuroimage34(1), 426-434. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.07.018

Jackson, S.A. Treharne, D.A., & Boucher, J. (1997). Rhythm and language in children with moderate learning difficulties. European Journal of Disorders of Communication, 32 (1), 99-108. doi: 10.3109/13682829709021463

Jamaly, S., Leidag, M., Schneider, H. W., Domanksi, U., Rasche, K., Schröder, M., & Nilius, G. (2017). The effect of singing therapy compared to standard physiotherapeutic lung sport in COPD. Pneumologie 71(S01), S1–S125. doi: 10.1055/s-0037-1598260

Lim, K. B., Kim, Y. K., Lee, H. J., Yoo, J., Hwang, J. Y., Kim, J. A., & Kim, S. K. (2013). The therapeutic effect of neurologic music therapy and speech language therapy in post-stroke aphasic patients. Annals of rehabilitation medicine37(4), 556-562. doi: 10.5535/arm.2013.37.4.556

Natke, U., Donath, T. M., & Kalveram, K. T. (2003). Control of voice fundamental frequency in speaking versus singing. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America113(3), 1587-1593. doi: 10.1121/1.1543928

Racette, A., Bard, C., Peretz, I. (2006). Making non-fluent aphasics speak: sing along! Brain, 129, 2571-84.  doi: 10.1093/brain/awl250

Schön, D., Boyer, M., Moreno, S., Besson, M., Peretz, I., & Kolinsky, R. (2008). Songs as an aid for language acquisition. Cognition106(2), 975-983. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2007.03.005

Shane, H.C. & Darley, F.L. (1978). The effect of auditory rhythmic stimulation on articulatory accuracy in apraxia of speech. Cortex, 14 (3), 444-450. doi: 10.1016/s0010-9452(78)80071-9

Stegemöller, E. L., Radig, H., Hibbing, P., Wingate, J., & Sapienza, C. (2017). Effects of singing on voice, respiratory control and quality of life in persons with Parkinson’s disease. Disability and Rehabilitation 39(6), 594–600. doi: 10.3109/09638288.2016.1152610

Tamplin, J. (2008). A pilot study into the effect of vocal exercises and singing on dysarthric speech. Neurorehabilitation, 23 (3), 207-216.  doi: 10.3233/nre-2008-23302

Tamplin, J., Baker, F. A., Grocke, D., Brazzale, D. J., Pretto, J. J., Ruehland, W. R., … & Berlowitz, D. J. (2013). Effect of singing on respiratory function, voice, and mood after quadriplegia: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation94(3), 426-434. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2012.10.006

Wan, C. Y., Rüüber, T., Hohmann, A., & Schlaug, G. (2010). The therapeutic effects of singing in neurological disorders. Music perception: An interdisciplinary journal27(4), 287-295. doi: 10.1525/mp.2010.27.4.287

Oral Motor and Respiratory Exercises (OMREX) ®

Bang, C. (1980). A world of sound and music. Journal of the British Association for Teachers of the Deaf, 4, 1-10.  doi: 10.1080/08098139809477935

Darrow, A.A. & Starmer, G.J. (1986). The effect of vocal training on the intonation and rate of hearing-impaired children’s speech: A pilot study. Journal of Music Therapy, 23, 194-201.  doi: 10.1093/jmt/23.4.194

De Swart, B. J., Willemse, S. C., Maassen, B. A. M., & Horstink, M. W. I. M. (2003). Improvement of voicing in patients with Parkinson’s disease by speech therapy. Neurology60(3), 498-500.  doi: 10.1212/01.WNL.0000044480.95458.56

Haneishi, E. (2001). Effects of a music therapy voice protocol on speech intelligibility, vocal acoustic measures, and mood of individuals with Parkinson’s disease. Journal of Music Therapy, 38 (4), 273-290.  doi: 10.1093/jmt/38.4.273

Haas, F., Distenfeld, S., & Axen, K. (1986). Effects of perceived musical rhythm on respiratory pattern. Journal of applied physiology61(3), 1185-1191.  doi: 10.1152/jappl.1986.61.3.1185

Kim, S. J., & Jo, U. (2013). Study of accent-based music speech protocol development for improving voice problems in stroke patients with mixed dysarthria. NeuroRehabilitation32(1), 185-190.  doi: 10.3233/NRE-130835

Racette, A., Bard, C., Peretz, I. (2006). Making non-fluent aphasics speak: sing along! Brain, 129, 2571-84.  doi: 10.1093/brain/awl250

Stegemöller, E. L., Radig, H., Hibbing, P., Wingate, J., & Sapienza, C. (2017). Effects of singing on voice, respiratory control and quality of life in persons with Parkinson’s disease. Disability and Rehabilitation 39(6), 594–600.  doi: 10.3109/09638288.2016.1152610

Tamplin, J. (2008). A pilot study into the effect of vocal exercises and singing on dysarthric speech.  Neurorehabilitation, 23(3), 207-216.  doi: 10.3233/NRE-2008-23302

Wambaugh, J.L. & Martinez, A.L. (2000). Effects of rate and rhythm control treatment on consonant production accuracy in apraxia of speech. Aphasiology, 14(8), 851-871.  doi: 10.1080/026870300412232

Wiens ME, Reimer MA, Lindsay Guyn H. (1999). Music therapy as a treatment method for improving respiratory muscle strength in patients with advanced multiple sclerosis: a pilot study. Rehabilitation Nursing, 24, 74-80.  doi: 10.1002/j.2048-7940.1999.tb01840

Developmental Speech and Language Training through Music (DSLM) ®

Bedoin, N., Brisseau, L., Molinier, P., Roch, D., & Tillmann, B. (2016). Temporally regular musical primes facilitate subsequent syntax processing in children with specific language impairment. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 10doi: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00245

Bekius, A., Cope, T., & Grube, M. (2016). The beat to read: A cross-lingual link between rhythmic regularity perception and reading skill. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 10, 425.  doi:10.3389/fnhum.2016.00425

Bolduc, J., & Lefebvre, P. (2012). Using nursery rhymes to foster phonological and musical processing skills in kindergarteners. Creative Education3(4), 495.  doi: 10.4236/ce.2012.34075

Bonacina, S., Cancer, A., Lanzi, P. L., Lorusso, M. L., & Antonietti, A. (2015). Improving reading skills in students with dyslexia: the efficacy of a sublexical training with rhythmic background. Frontiers in psychology6, 1510.  doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01510

Chen, C. C., & Miikkulainen, R. (2001). Creating melodies with evolving recurrent neural networks. In Neural Networks, 2001. Proceedings. IJCNN’01. International Joint Conference on (Vol. 3, pp. 2241-2246). IEEE.  doi: 10.1109/IJCNN.2001.938515

Clément, S., Planchou, C., Béland, R., Motte, J., & Samson, S. (2015). Singing abilities in children with Specific Language Impairment (SLI). Frontiers in Psychology 6doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00420

Cogo-Moreira, H., de Avila, C. R. B., Ploubidis, G. B., & de Jesus Mari, J. (2013). Effectiveness of music education for the improvement of reading skills and academic achievement in young poor readers: a pragmatic cluster-randomized, controlled clinical trial. PloS one8(3).  doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0059984

Corriveau, K.H. & Goswami, U. (2009). Rhythmic motor entrainment in children with speech and language impairments: tapping to the beat. Cortex, 45, 119-130.  doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2007.09.008

Cumming, R., Wilson, A., Leong, V., Colling, L. J., & Goswami, U. (2015). Awareness of rhythm patterns in speech and music in children with specific language impairments. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 9doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00672

Flaugnacco, E., Lopez, L., Terribili, C., Montico, M., Zoia, S., & Schön, D. (2015). Music training increases phonological awareness and reading skills in developmental dyslexia: a randomized control trial. PloS one, 10(9).  doi:10.1371/ journal.pone.0138715

François, C., Chobert, J., Besson, M., & Schön, D. (2013). Music training for the development of speech segmentation. Cerebral Cortex23(9), 2038-2043.  doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhs180

Gfeller, K., & Baumann, A. A. (1988). Assessment procedures for music therapy with hearing impaired children: Language development. Journal of Music Therapy25(4), 192-205.  doi: 10.1093/jmt/25.4.192

Gfeller, K., & Darrow, A. A. (1987). Music as a remedial tool in the language education of hearing-impaired children. The Arts in Psychotherapy14(3), 229-235.  doi: 10.1016/0197-4556(87)90006-2

Gordon, R. L., Shivers, C. M., Wieland, E. A., Kotz, S. A., Yoder, P. J., & Devin McAuley, J. (2015). Musical rhythm discrimination explains individual differences in grammar skills in children. Developmental Science18(4), 635-644. doi: 10.1111/desc.12230

Groß W, Linden U, Ostermann T. (2010). Effects of music therapy in the treatment of children with delayed speech development – results of a pilot study. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 10(1),39.  doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-10-39

Habib, M., Lardy, C., Desiles, T., Commeiras, C., Chobert, J., & Besson, M. (2016). Music and dyslexia: a new musical training method to improve reading and related disorders. Frontiers in psychology7. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00026

Huss M, Verney JP, Fosker T, Mead N, Goswami U. (2011). Music, rhythm, rise time perception and developmental dyslexia: perception of musical meter predicts reading and phonology. Cortex. 47(6),674-89.  doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2010.07.010

Janzen, T. B., & Thaut, M. H. (2018). Rethinking the role of music in the neurodevelopment of autism spectrum disorder. Music & Science, 1, 205920431876963. https://doi.org/10.1177/2059204318769639 

Jentschke, S., Koelsch, S., Sallat, S. & Friederici, A.D. (2008). Children with specific language impairment also show impairment of music-syntactic processing. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 20, 1940-1951. doi: 10.1162/jocn.2008.20135 

Kern, P., Wolery, M., & Aldridge, D. (2007). Use of songs to promote independence in morning greeting Routines for young children with autism. Journal of autism and developmental disorders37(7), 1264-1271. doi: 10.1007/s10803-006-0272-1

Lai, G., Pantazatos, S. P., Schneider, H., & Hirsch, J. (2012). Neural systems for speech and song in autism. Brain135(3), 961-975.  doi: 10.1093/brain/awr335

Lim, H. A., & Draper, E. (2011). The effects of music therapy incorporated with applied behavior analysis verbal behavior approach for children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of music therapy48(4), 532-550.  doi: 10.1093/jmt/48.4.532

Lim, H. A. (2010). Effect of “developmental speech and language training through music” on speech production in children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of music therapy47(1), 2-26. doi.org/10.1093/jmt/47.1.2

Linnavalli, T., Putkinen, V., Lipsanen, J., Huotilainen, M., & Tervaniemi, M. (2018). Music playschool enhances children’s linguistic skills. Scientific Reports 8(1), 8767.  doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-27126-5

Luria, A. R. (2012). Higher cortical functions in man. Springer Science & Business Media.  doi: 10.1007/978-1-4684-7741-2

Martens MA, Jungers MK, Steele AL. (2011). Effect of musical experience on verbal memory in William’s  syndrome: evidence from a novel word learning task. Neuropsychologia. 49(11), 3093-102.  doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.07.016

Milovanov, R., Huotilainen, M., Välimäki, V., Esquef, P. A., & Tervaniemi, M. (2008). Musical aptitude and second language pronunciation skills in school-aged children: neural and behavioral evidence. Brain research1194, 81-89. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.11.042

Moore, E., Branigan, H. & Overy, K. (2017). Exploring the role of auditory-motor synchronisation in the transfer of music to language skills in dyslexia. Outstanding Poster Award talk at Neurosciences and Music VI conference.

Moreno, S. (2009). Can music influence language and cognition? Contemporary Music Review, 28(3), 329-345.  doi: 10.1080/07494460903404410

Overy, K., Nicolson, R.I., Fawcett, A.J., & Clarke, E.F. (2003). Dyslexia and music: Measuring musical timing skills. Dyslexia, 9(1), 18-36.  doi: 10.1002/dys.233

Overy, K. (2000). Dyslexia, temporal processing and music: The potential of music as an early learning aid for dyslexic children. Psychology of music28(2), 218-229.  doi: 10.1177/0305735600282010

Saffran, J. R. (2003). Statistical language learning mechanisms and constraints. Current directions in  psychological science12(4), 110-114.  doi: 10.1111/1467-8721.01243

Sandiford, G. A., Mainess, K. J., & Daher, N. S. (2013). A pilot study on the efficacy of melodic based  communication therapy for eliciting speech in nonverbal children with autism. Journal of autism and developmental disorders43(6), 1298-1307.  doi: 10.1007/s10803-012-1672-z

Saylor S, Sidener TM, Reeve SA, Fetherston A, Progar PR. (2012). Effects of three types of noncontingent auditory stimulation on vocal stereotypy in children with autism. J Appl Behav Anal. 45(1),185-90. doi: 10.1901/jaba.2012.45-185

Schön, D., Boyer, M., Moreno, S., Besson, M., Peretz, I., & Kolinsky, R. (2008). Songs as an aid for language acquisition. Cognition106(2), 975-983. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2007.03.005

Sharda, M., Tuerk, C., Chowdhury, R. Jamey, K., Foster, N., Custo-Blanch, M., … & Hyde, K. (2018). Music improves social communication and auditory–motor connectivity in children with autism. Translational Psychiatry, 8, 231.  doi:10.1038/s41398-018-0287-3

Simpson, K., Keen, D., & Lamb, J. (2013). The use of music to engage children with autism in a receptive labelling task. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders7(12), 1489-1496.  doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2013.08.013

Slevc, L. R., Faroqi-Shah, Y., Saxena, S., & Okada, B. M. (2016). Preserved processing of musical structure in a person with agrammatic aphasia. Neurocase 22(6), 505–511.  doi: 10.1080/13554794.2016.1177090

Trainor, L. J., Shahin, A., & Roberts, L. E. (2003). Effects of musical training on the auditory cortex in children. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences999(1), 506-513.  doi: 10.1196/annals1284.061

Wan, C. et al. (2011). The therapeutic effects of singing in neurological disorders. Music Perception, 27(4),  287-295. doi: 10.1525/mp.2010.27.4.287

Wan, C. Y., & Schlaug, G. (2010). Neural pathways for language in autism: the potential for music-based  treatments. Future neurology5(6), 797-805.  doi: 10.2217/fnl.10.55

Zuk, J., Bishop-Liebler, P., Ozernov-Palchik, O., Moore, E., Overy, K., Welch, G., & Gaab, N. (2017). Revisiting the “enigma” of musicians with dyslexia: Auditory sequencing and speech abilities. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 146(4), 495.  doi: 10.1037/xge0000281

 

** Cochlear implant:

 

Fu, Q.-J., Galvin, J. J., Wang, X., & Wu, J. L. (2015). Benefits of music training in Mandarin-speaking pediatric cochlear implant users. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 58(1), 163–169.  doi: 10.1044/2014_JSLHR-H-14-0127

Gfeller, K. (2016). Music-based training for pediatric CI recipients: A systematic analysis of published studies. European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Diseases, 12th European Symposium on Pediatric Cochlear Implant (ESPCI 2015) 133(Suppl. 1), S50–S56.  doi: 10.1016/j.anorl.2016.01.010

Petersen, B., Weed, E., Sandmann, P., Brattico, E., Hansen, M., Sørensen, S. D., & Vuust, P. (2015). Brain responses to musical feature changes in adolescent cochlear implant users. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 9.  doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00007

Saliba, J., Bortfeld, H., Levitin, D. J., & Oghalai, J. S. (2016). Functional near-infrared spectroscopy for neuroimaging in cochlear implant recipients. Hearing Research, 338(Suppl. C), 64–75.  doi: 10.1016/j.heares.2016.02.005

 

Cognition

Musical Sensory Orientation Training (MSOT) ®

Andrews, M.W. & Dowling, W.J. (1991). The development of perception of interleaved melodies and control of auditory attention. Music Perception, 8(4), 349-368.  doi: 10.2307/40285518

Breitling, D. et al. 1987. Auditory perception of music measured by brain electrical activity mapping. Neuropsychologia, 25, 765-774.  doi: 10.1016/0028-3932(87)90114-X

Castro, M., Tillmann, B., Luauté, J., Corneyllie, A., Dailler, F., André-Obadia, N., & Perrin, F. (2015). Boosting cognition with music in patients with disorders of consciousness. Neurorehabilitation and neural repair29(8), 734-742.  doi: 10.1177/1545968314565464

Cooke, M. L., Moyle, W., Shum, D. H., Harrison, S. D., & Murfield, J. E. (2010). A randomized controlled trial exploring the effect of music on agitated behaviours and anxiety in older people with dementia. Aging and mental health14(8), 905-916.  doi: 10.1080/13607861003713190

Cox, A. (2016). Music and embodied cognition. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. 

Graham, Janet. (2004). Communication with the uncommunicative: Music therapy with pre-verbal adults. British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 32(1), 24-29.  doi: 10.1111/j.1468-3156.2004.00247.x

Gregory, D. (2003). Music listening for maintaining attention of older adults with cognitive impairments. Journal of Music Therapy, 39 (4), 244-264.  doi: 10.1093/jmt/39.4.244

Gronwall, D. (1977). Paced Auditory Serial-Addition Task: A measure of recovery from concussion. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 44, 367-373.  doi: 10.2466/pms.1977.44.2.367

Hammar, L. M., Götell, E., & Engström, G. (2011). Singing while caring for persons with dementia. Arts & Health3(01), 39-50.  doi: 10.1080/17533015.2010.481289

Jones, M.R. (1992). Attending to musical events. In M.R. Jones & S. Holleran (Eds.), Cognitive Bases of Musical Communication (pp. 91-110). Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association. doi: 10.1037/10104-006

Korhan, E. A., Khorshid, L., & Uyar, M. (2011). The effect of music therapy on physiological signs of anxiety in patients receiving mechanical ventilatory support. Journal of clinical nursing20(78), 1026-1034. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2010.03434.x Ci

Lee, H., & Noppeney, U. (2011). Long-term music training tunes how the brain temporally binds signals from multiple senses. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences108(51), E1441-E1450. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1115267108

Magee WL. (2005). Music therapy with patients in low awareness states: approaches to assessment and treatment in multidisciplinary care. Neuropsychol Rehabil. 15(3-4), 522-36.  doi:10.1080/09602010443000461

Magee, WL. (2007). Music as a diagnostic tool in low awareness states: Considering limbic responses. Brain Injury, 21, 593-599.  doi: 10.1080/02699050701426907

Noda, R., Maeda, Y., & Yoshino, A. (2004). Therapeutic time window for musicokinetic therapy in a persistent vegetative state after severe brain damage. Brain Injury, 18 (5), 509-515.  doi:10.1080/02699050310001645810

Ogata, S. (1995). Human EEG responses to classical music and simulated white noise: effects of a musical loudness component on consciousness. Perceptual and motor skills80(3), 779-790. doi: 10.2466/pms.1995.80.3.779

Okumura, Y., Asano, Y., Takenaka, S., Fukuyama, S., Yonezawa, S., Kasuya, Y., & Shinoda, J. (2014). Brain activation by music in patients in a vegetative or minimally conscious state following diffuse brain injury. Brain injury28(7), 944-950.  doi: 10.3109/02699052.2014.888477

Parenté, R., & Herrmann, D. (1996). Retraining Memory Strategies. Topics in Language Disorders17(1), 45-57. 

Park, S., Williams, R. A., & Lee, D. (2016). Effect of preferred music on agitation after traumatic brain injury. Western journal of nursing research38(4), 394-410.  doi: 10.1177/0193945915593180

Petacchi, A., Laird, A. R., Fox, P. T., & Bower, J. M. (2005). Cerebellum and auditory function: An ALE metaanalysis of functional neuroimaging studies. Human brain mapping25(1), 118-128. doi: 10.1002/hbm.20137

Purdie, H. (1997). Music therapy in neurorehabilitation: Recent developments and new challenges. Critical Reviews in Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 9, 205-217. doi: 10.1615/CritRevPhysRehabilMed.v9.i3-4.20 

Sacks, O. (1998). Music and the Brain. In C.M. Tomaino (Ed.), Clinical Applications of Music in Neurologic Rehabilitation (pp. 1-18). St. Louis, MO: MMB Music, Inc. 

Sung, H. C., Lee, W. L., Li, T. L., & Watson, R. (2012). A group music intervention using percussion instruments with familiar music to reduce anxiety and agitation of institutionalized older adults with dementia. International journal of geriatric psychiatry27(6), 621-627.  doi: 10.1002/gps.2761

Musical Neglect Training (MNT) ®

Abiru, M., Mihara, Y., Kikuchi, Y., et al. (2007). The effects of Neurologic music therapy on hemispatial neglect in a hemiparetic stroke patient. A case study. Neurological Medicine, 67(1), 88-94. 

Andrews, M.W. & Dowling, W.J. (1991). The development of perception of interleaved melodies and control of auditory attention. Music Perception, 8(4), 349-368.  doi: 10.2307/40285518

Bernardi, N. F., Cioffi, M. C., Ronchi, R., Maravita, A., Bricolo, E., Zigiotto, L., … & Vallar, G. (2017). Improving left spatial neglect through music scale playing. Journal of neuropsychology, 11, 135-15. doi: 10.1111/jnp.12078

Bodak, R., Malhotra, P., Bernardi, N. F., Cocchini, G., & Stewart, L. (2014). Reducing chronic visuo-spatial neglect following right hemisphere stroke through instrument playing. Frontiers in human neuroscience8, 413.  doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00413

Frassinetti, F., Pavani, F., & Ladavas, E. (2002). Acoustical vision of neglected stimuli: interaction among spatially converging audiovisual inputs in neglect patients. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience14(1), 62-69.  doi: 10.1162/089892902317205320

Giacobbe, G.A. (1972). Rhythm builds order in brain-damaged children. Music Educators Journal, 58, 40-43.

Guilbert, A., Clément, S., & Moroni, C. (2014). Hearing and music in unilateral spatial neglect neuro-rehabilitation. Frontiers in psychology5doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01503

Guilbert, A., Clement, S., & Moroni, C. (2017). A rehabilitation program based on music practice for patients with unilateral spatial neglect: A single-case study. Neurocase 23(1), 12–21.  doi: 10.1080/13554794.2016.1265652

Hommel, M., Peres, B., Pollak, P., Memin, B., Besson, G., Gaio, J. M., & Perret, J. (1990). Effects of passive tactile and auditory stimuli on left visual neglect. Archives of Neurology47(5), 573-576. doi: 10.1001/archneur.1990.00530050097018

Ishihara, M., Revol, P., Jacquin-Courtois, S., Mayet, R., Rode, G., Boisson, D., … & Rossetti, Y. (2013). Tonal cues modulate line bisection performance: preliminary evidence for a new rehabilitation prospect? Frontiers in psychology4, 704.  doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00704

Jakobson, L. S., Cuddy, L. L., & Kilgour, A. R. (2003). Time tagging: A key to musicians’ superior memory. Music Perception: An Interdisciplinary Journal20(3), 307-313.  doi: 10.1525/mp.2003.20.3.307

Janata, P., Tomic, S.T., & Rakowski, S.K. (2007). Characterization of music-evoked autobiographical memories. Memory, 15, 845-860.  doi: 10.1080/09658210701734593

Jones, M.R. (1992). Attending to musical events. In M.R. Jones & S. Holleran (Eds.), Cognitive Bases of Musical Communication (pp. 91-110). Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association. doi: 10.1037/10104-006

Kang, K., & Thaut, M. H. (2019). Musical neglect training for chronic persistent unilateral visual neglect post-stroke. Frontiers in Neurology, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2019.00474 

Purdie, H. (1997). Music therapy in neurorehabilitation: recent developments and new challenges. Critical Reviews™ in Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine9(3-4). doi: 10.1615/CritRevPhysRehabilMed.v9.i3-4.20

Reitan, R. M., & Wolfson, D. (1989). The Seashore Rhythm test and brain functions. The Clinical Neuropsychologist3(1), 70-78.  doi: 10.1080/13854048908404078

Robertson, IH., Manly T., Beschin, N., Daini, R., Haeske-Dewick, H., Homberg, V., Jehkonen, M., Pizzamiglio, G., Shiel, A., Weber, E. (1997). Auditory sustained attention is a marker of unilateral spatial neglect. Neuropsychologia, 35(12), 1527-32. 

Soto, D., Funes, M. J., Guzmán-García, A., Warbrick, T., Rotshtein, P., & Humphreys, G. W. (2009). Pleasant music overcomes the loss of awareness in patients with visual neglect. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences106(14), 6011-6016.  doi: 10.1073/pnas.0811681106

Tsai, P. L., Chen, M. C., Huang, Y. T., Lin, K. C., Chen, K. L., & Hsu, Y. W. (2013). Listening to classical music ameliorates unilateral neglect after stroke. American Journal of Occupational Therapy67(3), 328-335. doi: 10.5014/ajot.2013.006312

Auditory Perception Training (APT)

Andrews, M.W. & Dowling, W.J. (1991). The development of perception of interleaved melodies and control of auditory attention. Music Perception, 8(4), 349-368.  doi: 10.2307/40285518

Berger, K. A. (2013). Praxis and autism: the psychomotor regulation sensory processing dimension—a report from the field. Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience, 6, 129.  doi: 10.3389/fnint.2012.00129

Bettison, S. (1996). The long-term effects of auditory training on children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 26(3), 361-375.  doi: 10.1007/BF02172480

Biswas, A., Hegde, S., Jhunjhunwala, K., & Pal, P. K. (2016). Two sides of the same coin: Impairment in perception of temporal components of rhythm and cognitive functions in Parkinson’s disease. Basal Ganglia 6(1), 63–70.  doi: 10.1016/j.baga.2015.12.001

Breitling, D. et al. 1987. Auditory perception of music measured by brain electrical activity mapping. Neuropsychologia, 25, 765-774.  doi: 10.1016/0028-3932(87)90114-X

Brincker, M., & Torres, E. B. (2013). Noise from the periphery in autism. Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience, 7, 34.  doi: 10.3389/fnint.2013.00034

DePape, A. M. R., Hall, G. B., Tillmann, B., & Trainor, L. J. (2012). Auditory processing in high-functioning adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. PloS one7(9), e44084.  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044084

Fujioka, T., Ross, B., Kakigi, R., Pantey C., Trainor, LJ. (2006). One year of musical training affects development of auditory cortical-evoked fields in young children. Brain, 129, 2593-608. doi: 10.1093/brain/awl247

Furukawa, Y., Uehara, K., & Furuya, S. (2017). Expertise-dependent motor somatotopy of music perception. Neuroscience Letters 650, 97–102.  doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.04.033

Gfeller, K., Jiang, D., Oleson, J. J., Driscoll, V., Olszewski, C., Knutson, J. F., … & Gantz, B. (2012). The effects of musical and linguistic components in recognition of real-world musical excerpts by cochlear implant recipients and normal-hearing adults. Journal of music therapy49(1), 68-101.  doi: 10.1093/jmt/49.1.68

Gfeller, K., Woodworth, G., Robin, D.A., Witt, S., & Knutson, J.F. (1997). Perception of rhythmic and sequential pitch patterns by normally hearing adults and adult cochlear implant users. Ear and Hearing, 18, 252-260. 

Giacobbe, G.A. (1972). Rhythm builds order in brain-damaged children. Music Educators Journal, 58, 40-43.

Habibi, A., Cahn, B. R., Damasio, A., & Damasio, H. (2016). Neural correlates of accelerated auditory processing in children engaged in music training. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 21, 1–14. doi: 10.1016/j.dcn.2016.04.003

Habibi, A., Damasio, A., Ilari, B., Veiga, R., Joshi, A. A., Leahy, R. M., … Damasio, H. (2017). Childhood music training induces change in micro and macroscopic brain structure: Results from a longitudinal study. Cerebral Cortex, 1–12.   doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhx286

Hannon, E. E., Nave-Blodgett, J. E., & Nave, K. M. (2018). The developmental origins of the perception and production of musical rhythm. Child Development Perspectives.  doi: 10.1111/cdep.12285

Heaton, P., Hermelin, B., & Pring, L. (1988). Autism and pitch processing: A precursor for savant musical ability? Music Perception, 15, 291-305.  doi: 10.2307/40285769

Hubbard, T. L. (2018). Some methodological and conceptual considerations in studies of auditory imagery. Auditory Perception and Cognition, 1, 6–41.  doi: 10.1080/25742442.2018.1499001

Janata, P., Tomic, S.T., & Rakowski, S.K. (2007). Characterization of music-evoked autobiographical memories. Memory, 15, 845-860.  doi: 10.1080/09658210701734593

Jakobson, L. S., Cuddy, L. L., & Kilgour, A. R. (2003). Time tagging: A key to musicians’ superior memory. Music Perception: An Interdisciplinary Journal20(3), 307-313.  doi: 10.1525/mp.2003.20.3.307

Jones, C., Richard, N., & Thaut, M. (2021). Investigating music-based cognitive rehabilitation for individuals with moderate to severe chronic acquired brain injury: A feasibility experiment. NeuroRehabilitation, 48(2), 209–220. https://doi.org/10.3233/nre-208015 

Jung, K. H., Won, J. H., Drennan, W. R., Jameyson, E., Miyasaki, G., Norton, S. J., & Rubinstein, J. T. (2012). Psychoacoustic performance and music and speech perception in prelingually deafened children with cochlear implants. Audiology and Neurotology17(3), 189-197.  doi: 10.1159/000336407

Loui, P., Grent-‘t-Jong, T., Torpey, D., Woldorff, M. (2005). Effects of attention on the neural processing of harmonic syntax in Western Music. Cognitive Brain Research, 25 (3), 678-87. doi: 10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2005.08.019

Marques, C., Moreno, S., Castro, S. L., & Besson, M. (2007). Musicians detect pitch violation in a foreign language better than nonmusicians: behavioral and electrophysiological evidence. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience19(9), 1453-1463.  doi: 10.1162/jocn.2007.19.9.1453 

Mitani, C., Nakata, T., Trehub, S. E., Kanda, Y., Kumagami, H., Takasaki, K., … & Takahashi, H. (2007). Music recognition, music listening, and word recognition by deaf children with cochlear implants. Ear and Hearing28(2), 29S-33S. doi: 10.1097/AUD.0b013e318031547a

Morton, L.L., Kershner, J.R., & Siegel, L.S. (1990). The potential for therapeutic applications of music on problems related to memory and attention. Journal of Music Therapy, 26, 58-70. doi: 10.1093/jmt/27.4.195

Parbery-Clark, A., Skoe, E., Lam, C., & Kraus, N. (2009). Musician enhancement for speech-in-noise. Ear Hear, 30, 653-61.  doi: 10.1097/AUD.0b013e3181b412e9

Petacchi, A., Laird, A. R., Fox, P. T., & Bower, J. M. (2005). Cerebellum and auditory function: An ALE metaanalysis of functional neuroimaging studies. Human brain mapping25(1), 118-128.  doi: 10.1002/hbm.20137

Petersen, B., Mortensen, M. V., Gjedde, A., & Vuust, P. (2009). Reestablishing speech understanding through musical ear training after cochlear implantation. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences1169(1), 437-440.  doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04796.x

Purdie, H. (1997). Music therapy in neurorehabilitation: Recent developments and new challenges. Critical Reviews in Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 9, 205-217.  doi: 10.1615/CritRevPhysRehabilMed.v9.i3-4.20 

Reitan, R. M., & Wolfson, D. (1989). The Seashore Rhythm test and brain functions. The Clinical Neuropsychologist3(1), 70-78.

Robin, D.A., Tranel, D. & Damasio, H. (1990). Auditory perception of temporal and spectral events in patients with focal left and right cerebral lesions. Brain and Language, 39, 539-555. doi: 10.1080/13854048908404078

Russo, N. M., Nicol, T. G., Zecker, S. G., Hayes, E. A., & Kraus, N. (2005). Auditory training improves neural timing in the human brainstem. Behavioural brain research156(1), 95-103. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2004.05.012

Sacks, O. (1998). Music and the Brain. In C.M. Tomaino (Ed.), Clinical Applications of Music in Neurologic Rehabilitation (pp. 1-18). St. Louis, MO: MMB Music, Inc. 

Torres, E. B., Brincker, M., Isenhower, R. W., Yanovich, P., Stigler, K. A., Nurnberger, J. I., … & José, J. V. (2013). Autism: the micro-movement perspective. Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience, 7, 32.  doi: 10.3389/fnint.2013.00032

Torres, E. B., Yanovich, P., & Metaxas, D. N. (2013). Give spontaneity and self-discovery a chance in ASD: spontaneous peripheral limb variability as a proxy to evoke centrally driven intentional acts. Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience, 7, 46.  doi: 10.3389/fnint.2013.00046

van Besouw, R. M., Howard, D. M., & Ternström, S. (2005). Towards an understanding of speech and song perception. Logopedics Phoniatrics Vocology30(3-4), 129-135.  doi: 10.1080/14015430500262160

Musical Attention Control Training (MACT) ®

Andrews, M.W. & Dowling, W.J. (1991). The development of perception of interleaved melodies and control of auditory attention. Music Perception, 8(4), 349-368.  doi: 10.2307/40285518

Barrow, I.M, Collins, J.N., & Britt, L.D. (2006). The influence of an auditory distraction on rapid naming after a mild traumatic brain injury: a longitudinal study. Journal of Trauma- Injury Infection & Critical Care, 61, 1142-1149.  doi: 10.1097/01.ta.0000241238.70269.c1

Ben-Pazi, H., Gross-Tsur, V., Bergman, H., Shalev, R.S., (2003). Abnormal rhythmic motor response in children with attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 45.743-745.  doi: 10.1017/S0012162203001385

Bonnel, A. M., Faita, F., Peretz, I., & Besson, M. (2001). Divided attention between lyrics and tunes of operatic songs: Evidence for independent processing. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics63(7), 1201-1213. doi: 10.3758/BF03194534

Ceccato, E., Caneva, P., Lamonaca, D. (2006). Music therapy and cognitive rehabilitation in schizophrenic patients: A controlled study. Nordic Journal of Music Therapy, 15(2), 111-120. doi: 10.1080/08098130609478158

Cicerone, K. D., Dahlberg, C., Kalmar, K., Langenbahn, D. M., Malec, J. F., Bergquist, T. F., et al. (2000). Evidence based cognitive rehabilitation: Recommendations for clinical practice. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 81, 1596-1615.  doi: 10.1053/apmr.2000.19240

Drake, C., Jones, M. R., & Baruch, C. (2000). The development of rhythmic attending in auditory sequences: attunement, referent period, focal attending. Cognition77(3), 251-288. doi: 10.1016/S0010-0277(00)00106-2

Escoffier, N., Herrmann, C. S., & Schirmer, A. (2015). Auditory rhythms entrain visual processes in the human brain: evidence from evoked oscillations and event-related potentials. Neuroimage111, 267-276. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.02.024

Gregory, D. (2003). Music listening for maintaining attention of older adults with cognitive impairments. Journal of Music Therapy, 39 (4), 244-264.  doi: 10.1093/jmt/39.4.244

James, T., Przysinda, E., Sampaio, G., Woods, K. J. P., Hewett, A., Morillon, B., & Loui, P. (2017). Acoustic effects on oscillatory markers of sustained attention. Presentation at the International Conference on Auditory Cortex. Banff, Canada.

Jones, M. R., & Ralston, J. T. (1991). Some influences of accent structure on melody recognition. Memory & Cognition19(1), 8-20.  doi: 10.3758/BF03198492

Jones, C., Richard, N., & Thaut, M. (2021). Investigating music-based cognitive rehabilitation for individuals with moderate to severe chronic acquired brain injury: A feasibility experiment. NeuroRehabilitation, 48(2), 209–220. https://doi.org/10.3233/nre-208015 

Klein, J. M., & Jones, M. R. (1996). Effects of attentional set and rhythmic complexity on attending. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics58(1), 34-46.  doi: 10.3758/BF03205473

Knox, R., & Jutai, J. (1996). Music-based rehabilitation of attention following brain injury. Canadian Journal of Rehabilitation9, 169-181.

Knox, R., Yokota-Adachi, H., Kershner, J., & Jutai, J. (2003). Musical attention training program and alternating attention in brain injury: An initial report. Music Therapy Perspectives, 21, 99-104.  doi: 10.1093/mtp/21.2.99

Large, E. W., & Jones, M. R. (1999). The dynamics of attending: How people track time-varying events. Psychological review106(1), 119.  doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.106.1.119

Mahraun, D. (2004). The influence of music and rhythm on a sustained attention task in children with autism. (Unpublished master’s thesis). Colorado State University, Fort Collins. 

Mateer, D., & New, E. (2000). ‘In nomine Jesu’: Robert Fayrfax and the Guild of the Holy Name in St Paul’s Cathedral. Music & letters81(4), 507-519. http://www.jstor.org/stable/854536

Morton, L.L., Kershner, J.R., & Siegel, L.S. (1990). The potential for therapeutic applications of music on problems related to memory and attention. Journal of Music Therapy, 26, 58-70.  doi: 10.1093/jmt/27.4.195

Peterson, D.A. & Thaut, M.H. (2007). Music increases frontal EEG coherence during verbal learning. Neuroscience Letters, 412, 217-221.  doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2006.10.057

Purdie, H. (1997). Music therapy in neurorehabilitation: Recent developments and new challenges. Critical Reviews in Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 9, 205-217. doi: 10.1615/CritRevPhysRehabilMed.v9.i3-4.20

Rimmele, C. T., & Hester, R. K. (1987). Cognitive rehabilitation after traumatic head injury. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology2(4), 353-384.  doi: 10.1016/0887-6177(87)90004-7

Sacks, O. (1998). Music and the Brain. In C.M. Tomaino (Ed.), Clinical Applications of Music in Neurologic Rehabilitation (pp. 1-18). St. Louis, MO: MMB Music, Inc. 

Sacrey, L. A. R., Clark, C. A., & Whishaw, I. Q. (2009). Music attenuates excessive visual guidance of skilled reaching in advanced but not mild Parkinson’s disease. PloS one4(8), e6841. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006841

Särkämö, T., Tervaniemi, M., Laitinen, S., Forsblom, A., Soinila, S., Mikkonen, M., … & Peretz, I. (2008). Music listening enhances cognitive recovery and mood after middle cerebral artery stroke. Brain131(3), 866-876.  doi: 10.1093/brain/awn013

Sohlberg, M. M., & Mateer, C. A. (1989). Introduction to cognitive rehabilitation: Theory and practiceGuilford Press.

Sokolov, A. A., Miall, R. C., & Ivry, R. B. (2017). The cerebellum: Adaptive prediction for movement and cognition. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 21(5), 313–332.  doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2017.02.005

Strait, D. L., & Kraus, N. (2011). Can you hear me now? Musical training shapes functional brain networks for selective auditory attention and hearing speech in noise. The relationship between music and language, 99.  doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00113

Sussman, J.E. (2009). The effect of music on peer awareness in preschool age children with developmental disabilities. Journal of Music Therapy, 46, 53-68.  doi: 10.1093/jmt/46.1.53

van Alphen, R., Stams, G. J., & Hakvoort, L. (2019). Musical attention control training for psychotic psychiatric patients: An experimental pilot study in a forensic psychiatric hospital. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2019.00570 

Wolfe, D.E. & Noguchi, L.K. (2009). The use of music with young children to improve sustained attention during a vigilance task in the presence of auditory distractions. Journal of Music Therapy, 46, 69-83.  doi: 10.1093/jmt/46.1.69

Musical Mnemonics Training (MMT) ®

Agres, K., Abdallah, S., & Pearce, M. T. (2018). Information-theoretic properties of auditory sequences dynamically influence expectation and memory. Cognitive Science 42(1), 43–76. doi: 10.1111/cogs.12477 

Baird, A., Samson, S., Miller, L., & Chalmers, K. (2017). Does music training facilitate the mnemonic effect of song? An exploration of musicians and nonmusicians with and without Alzheimer’s dementia. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology39(1), 9-21.  doi: 10.1080/13803395.2016.1185093

Baird, A., Umbach, H., & Thompson, W. F. (2017b). A nonmusician with severe Alzheimer’s dementia learns a new song. Neurocase, 23(1), 36–40.  doi: 10.1080/13554794.2017.1287278

Baur, B., Uttner, I., Ilmberger, J., Fesl, G., & Mai, N. (2000). Music memory provides access to verbal knowledge in a patient with global amnesia. Neurocase, 6, 415-421.  doi: 10.1080/13554790008402712

Ben-Yishay, Y., Rattok, J., Ross, B., Lakin, P., Cohen, J., & Diller, L. (1980). A remedial module for the systematic amelioration of basic attentional disturbances in head trauma patients. Working approaches to remediation of cognitive deficits in brain damaged (Rehabilitation Monograph No. 61, pp. 71-127). New York: New York University Medical Center, Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine.

Ben-Yishay, Y., Piasetsky, E. B., & Rattok, J. (1987). A systematic method for ameliorating disorders in basic attention. In M. J. Meier, A. L. Benton, & L. Diller (Eds.), Neuropsychological rehabilitation (p. 165–181). Guilford Press.

Berg, I. J., Koning-Haanstra, M., & Deelman, B. G. (1991). Long-term effects of memory rehabilitation: A controlled study. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation1(2), 97-111.  doi: 10.1080/09602019108401384

Bolduc, J., & Lefebvre, P. (2012). Using nursery rhymes to foster phonological and musical processing skills in kindergarteners. Creative Education3(4), 495.  doi: 10.4236/ce.2012.34075

Carruth, E. K. (1997). The effects of singing and the spaced retrieval technique on improving face-name recognition in nursing home residents with memory loss. Journal of Music Therapy34(3), 165-186. doi: 10.1093/jmt/34.3.165

Cavaco, S., Feinstein, J. S., van Twillert, H., & Tranel, D. (2012). Musical memory in a patient with severe anterograde amnesia. Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology34(10), 1089-1100. doi: 10.1080/13803395.2012.728568

Ceccato, E., Caneva, P., Lamonaca, D. (2006). Music therapy and cognitive rehabilitation in schizophrenic patients: A controlled study. Nordic Journal of Music Therapy, 15(2), 111-120.  doi: 10.1080/08098130609478158

Chan, A.S., Ho, Y.C., & Cheung, M.C. (1998). Music training improves verbal memory. Nature, 396, 128.  doi: 10.1038/24075

Cheung, C., Hamilton, L. S., Johnson, K., & Chang, E. F. (2016). The auditory representation of speech sounds in human motor cortex. eLife 5, e12577.  doi: 10.7554/eLife.12577

Cicerone, K. D., Dahlberg, C., Kalmar, K., Langenbahn, D. M., Malec, J. F., Bergquist, T. F., et al. (2000). Evidence based cognitive rehabilitation: Recommendations for clinical practice. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 81, 1596-1615.  doi: 10.1053/apmr.2000.19240

Claussen, D. & Thaut, M.H. (1997). Music as a mnemonic device for children with learning disabilities. Canadian Journal of Music Therapy, 5, 55-66. 

Cook, P. R. (1999). Music, cognition, and computerized sound. The MIT Press, 167-172.

Crystal, D. (1980). Introduction to Language Pathology. Baltimore, MD: University Park Press.

Crystal, H. A., Grober, E., & Masur, D. A. V. I. D. (1989). Preservation of musical memory in Alzheimer’s disease. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry52(12), 1415-1416. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.52.12.1415

Cowles, A., Beatty, W.W., Nixon, S.J., Lutz, L.J., Paulk, J., Paulk, K., & Ross, E.D. (2003). Musical skill in dementia: A violinist presumed to have Alzheimer’s disease learns to play a new song. Neurocase, 9, 493-503.  doi: 10.1076/neur.9.6.493.29378

Cuddy, L., Duffin, J. (2005). Music, memory, and Alzheimer’s disease: is music recognition spared in dementia, and how can it be assessed? Medical Hypotheses, 64, 229-235.  doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2004.09.005

Deutsch, D. (1982). Organizational processes in music. In Music, mind, and brain (pp. 119-136). Springer US.

El Haj, M., Clément, S., Fasotti, L., & Allain, P. (2013). Effects of music on autobiographical verbal narration in Alzheimer’s disease. Journal of Neurolinguistics26(6), 691-700.  doi: 10.1016/j.jneuroling.2013.06.001

Foster, N. & Valentine, E. (2001). The effect of auditory stimulation on autobiographical recall in dementia. Experimental Aging Research, 27, 215-228.   doi: 10.1080/036107301300208664

Gingold, H., & Abravanel, E. (1987). Music as a mnemonic: The effects of good-and bad-music settings on verbatim recall of short passages by young children. Psychomusicology: A Journal of Research in Music Cognition7(1), 25.

Glassman, R. B. (1999). Hypothesized neural dynamics of working memory: Several chunks might be marked simultaneously by harmonic frequencies within an octave band of brain waves. Brain Research Bulletin50(2), 77-93.  doi: 10.1016/S0361-9230(99)00090-8

Halpern, A. R., & O’connor, M. G. (2000). Implicit memory for music in Alzheimer’s disease. Neuropsychology14(3), 391.  doi: 10.1037/0894-4105.14.3.391

Haslam, C. & Cook, M. (2002). Striking a chord with amnesic patient’s: Evidence that song facilitates memory. Neurocase, 8, 453-465.  doi: 10.1076/neur.8.5.453.16183

Heaton, P., Hermelin, B., & Pring, L. (1999). Can children with autistic spectrum disorders perceive affect in music? An experimental investigation. Psychological medicine29(06), 1405-1410. doi: 10.1017/S0033291799001221

Hermelin, B., O’Connor, N., Lee, S., & Treffert, D. (1989). Intelligence and musical improvisation. Psychological Medicine, 19(2), 447-457.  doi: 10.1017/S0033291700012484

Hitch, G. J. (1996). Temporal grouping effects in immediate recall: A working memory analysis. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology: Section A49(1), 116-139.  doi: 10.1080/713755609

Ho, Y. C., Cheung, M. C., & Chan, A. S. (2003). Music training improves verbal but not visual memory: cross-sectional and longitudinal explorations in children. Neuropsychology17(3), 439.  doi: 10.1037/0894-4105.17.3.439

Iwanaga, M., & Ito, T. (2002). Disturbance effect of music on processing of verbal and spatial memories. Perceptual and motor skills94(3), 1251-1258.  doi: 10.2466/pms.2002.94.3c.1251

Jacobsen, J.-H., Stelzer, J., Fritz, T. H., Chételat, G., La Joie, R., & Turner, R. (2015). Why musical memory can be preserved in advanced alzheimer’s disease. Brain, 138(8), 2438–2450. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awv135 

Jakobson, L. S., Cuddy, L. L., & Kilgour, A. R. (2003). Time tagging: A key to musicians’ superior memory. Music Perception: An Interdisciplinary Journal20(3), 307-313.  doi: 10.1525/mp.2003.20.3.307

Janata, P., Tillmann, B., & Bharucha, J. J. (2002). Listening to polyphonic music recruits domain-general attention and working memory circuits. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience2(2), 121-140. doi: 10.3758/CABN.2.2.121

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Musical Executive Function Training (MEFT) ®

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